Excel decides that 00127 is the number 127. The zeros are not hidden, they are removed before the file is written. Nothing in the CSV can restore them.
Treat every identifier column (SKU, barcode, variant ID) as text from the start. Excel will silently change any column of digits it thinks is numeric.
The free Shopify CSV checker names the exact line for each of these problems. The paid Rescue Kit adds 20 more error cases, a template in Shopify's column order, and the checker as a script you can run in a pipeline.
See the Rescue Kit →