A cell merged across three rows uses rowspan. CSV has no concept of rowspan, so the export writes the value once and leaves the following rows with one fewer cell - not an empty cell, a missing one. Every column after it shifts left.
Never merge cells in a sheet that will become a CSV. Use repeated values instead.
The free Shopify CSV checker names the exact line for each of these problems. The paid Rescue Kit adds 20 more error cases, a template in Shopify's column order, and the checker as a script you can run in a pipeline.
See the Rescue Kit →